Analysis of the development of fuel-powered lithium batteries-a zero-emission solution for road transportation

With the rapid development of society, our fuel-powered lithium batteries are also developing rapidly, so do you know the detailed analysis of fuel-powered lithium batteries? Next, let the editor lead you to learn more about the relevant knowledge. Fuel power cell is a kind of energy conversion device. Unlike energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries, fuel-driven battery packs can directly convert hydrogen-carrying energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries need to be charged for a long time to store energy, and they need to be discharged to drive the vehicle during driving. Therefore, the cruising range of a fuel-powered battery vehicle depends on the amount of fuel on the vehicle, that is, as with traditional diesel locomotives, how much hydrogen can be stored in hydrogen. In addition to hydrogen, commonly used fuels include methanol, hydrazine, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The oxidant is usually oxygen or air. Common electrolytes include phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, molten carbonate and ion exchange membranes. Fuel power cell is a kind of power generation equipment that can directly convert the chemical energy in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Unlike traditional internal combustion engines, the chemical energy in fuel is not released through combustion but through electrochemical reactions, which has the advantages of high efficiency and zero emissions. In addition, the fuel cell vehicle has a small battery pack that is used to store the surplus electricity generated by the fuel cell and the energy recovered from the braking of the car, and when necessary, together with the fuel cell to supply electricity to the car . Therefore, compared with lithium-ion batteries, fuel-powered lithium batteries have advantages in long-distance use. The power generation of fuel power cells is not restricted by the Carnot cycle. Theoretically, its power generation efficiency can reach 85% to 90%, but due to various polarization restrictions during operation, the current energy conversion efficiency of fuel power cells is about 40% to 60%. If combined heat and power are realized, the total fuel utilization rate can be as high as 80%. With the high-profile announcement of Toyota's fuel power battery Mirai in 2014, the global fuel power battery industry has entered a new era. The titanium alloy bipolar plate used by Toyota increases the power density of the fuel power cell stack to 3.1kw/L and will reach 4.0kw/L. The higher power density makes the stack smaller, more compact and easier to install. However, the corrosiveness of metal plates leads to higher material and surface treatment costs. However, as the technology matures and the output value increases, the metal bipolar plate has a lot of room for cost reduction. Fuel power cell technology is the best substitute for internal combustion engine technology and represents the future development direction of automobiles. However, if you consider some restrictions on the development of fuel cell vehicles, you will find that fuel cell vehicles are not ready for commercialization at present and in the future. The most optimistic prediction is that the commercial production of fuel-powered cell vehicles using pure hydrogen as a fuel will take at least 15 years. Even if a certain degree of commercialization is achieved, it will be expensive. When the fuel power cell uses hydrogen-rich gas such as natural gas as fuel, compared with the heat engine process, the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by more than 40%, which is very important for reducing the global greenhouse effect. In addition, since the fuel gas of the fuel power cell must be desulfurized before the reaction and generate electricity based on electrochemical principles, there is no high-temperature combustion process, so nitrogen and sulfur oxides are hardly emitted, which reduces air pollution. In terms of catalysts, platinum is still an important part of the electrochemical reaction catalyst for fuel power cells. At present, the industrial level of pt is about 0.5~0.7g/kW, while the Toyota Mirai reactor is still at the leading level, and the consumption of pt is about 0.3g/kW. With the development of new platinum alloy catalysts and catalyst supports (such as carbon nanowires), the platinum content is further reduced, and may reach the platinum content used in the diesel aftertreatment system at that time. According to statistics, the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on the cost of materials in 2016, when the output value of fuel power cells reaches 100,000 units/year, it will account for about 40% of the cost of electrocatalytic reactors. Therefore, reducing the consumption of pt will greatly reduce the reactor. power. At present, the fuel-powered lithium battery used in commercial vehicles is still an important graphite plate reactor. The advanced manufacturing process ensures the reliability and durability of the reactor, and at the same time reduces the procurement cost of the main engine plant. In addition, the modularization of the fuel-powered lithium battery system reduces the cost of mass production. The above is a detailed analysis of the relevant knowledge of fuel-powered lithium batteries. It is necessary for everyone to continue to accumulate relevant experience in practice, so as to design better products and better develop our society.