Analysis of the advantages, disadvantages and development trend of lithium iron phosphate batteries

In today's highly developed science and technology, a variety of high-tech appears in our lives, bringing convenience to our lives, so do you know the lithium iron phosphate batteries that these high-tech may contain? Lithium iron phosphate As a new generation of lithium-ion battery materials, it is being highly praised by global power and energy storage battery experts for its absolute reliability, long cycle life, and stable charging and discharging platform. At present, the demand for lithium iron phosphate has entered a period of high rise, and the industry is accelerating its integration. It is expected that the industry will enter a period of high growth in 2021, and the annual demand is expected to exceed 190,000 tons. Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material. There are many kinds of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, including lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, lithium nickelate, ternary materials, and lithium iron phosphate. Among them, lithium cobalt oxide is currently the cathode material used in most lithium-ion batteries, while other cathode materials have not been mass-produced on the market due to various reasons. Lithium iron phosphate is also one of the lithium-ion batteries. In terms of material principle, lithium iron phosphate is also an intercalation/deintercalation process, which is exactly the same as lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate. Lithium iron phosphate (LFp) batteries have always been an important part of my country’s new energy vehicle development strategy. Since 2015, lithium iron phosphate batteries have been used in new energy commercial vehicles, energy storage and other fields due to their high safety and long cycle life. Established its own industry advantages. Since 2020, the once silent lithium iron phosphate battery has begun to pick up and enter a new upward cycle. As the market begins to further get rid of policy and move towards real marketization, opportunities for lithium iron phosphate batteries will also be further opened. According to market data, the total installed capacity of lithium iron phosphate batteries in vehicles in 2020 is expected to reach 20Gwh. In addition, the shipment of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the energy storage market is expected to be around 10Gwh. The cycle life of lead-acid batteries is about 300 times, and the highest is 500 times. Lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium iron phosphate power lithium batteries have a cycle life of more than 2000 times. Standard charging (5 hours rate) can reach 2000 times. Second-rate. The lead-acid battery of the same quality will only take 1 to 1.5 years, while the lithium iron phosphate battery will be used for 7-8 years under the same conditions. Comprehensive consideration, the performance-price ratio will be more than 4 times that of lead-acid batteries. In the application scenario where lead-acid batteries are competing products, the cycle life of iron-lithium-ion batteries is obviously excessive. The company will change the sales model to lease operation, which will directly improve the life cycle economy of iron-lithium-ion batteries and improve Product gross profit margin. In the comprehensive electrification of the power system, the trend of comprehensive electrification of land transportation and vehicles is irreversible; the electrification of ships is also accelerating, and relevant standards have been improved. At the same time, the electric aircraft market has begun to try. This will have a part of the market share of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium iron phosphate cathode materials make large-capacity lithium-ion batteries easier to use in series. To meet the requirements of frequent charging and discharging of electric vehicles. It has the advantages of non-toxic, non-polluting, good safety performance, wide source of raw materials, low price, and long life. It is an ideal cathode material for a new generation of lithium-ion batteries. In the emerging electric ship market, it is also the world of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Data shows that the domestic electric boat market has reached 5.63 billion in 2016, and it is expected that this scale will expand to 9.63 billion by 2021. By 2024, the global electric boat market is expected to reach more than 45 billion. This is a new opportunity for lithium iron phosphate batteries. The structure and working principle of all lithium-ion batteries are roughly the same. The internal structure of the lithium iron phosphate battery is shown in the figure below. On the left is the lithium iron phosphate material with olivine structure as the positive electrode of the battery, which is connected with the positive electrode of the battery by aluminum foil, and the polymer separator in the middle separates the positive electrode from the negative electrode, but lithium ion Li+ can pass through but electron e- cannot pass. On the right is the negative electrode of the battery composed of carbon (graphite), which is connected to the negative electrode of the battery by copper foil. Between the upper and lower ends of the battery is the electrolyte of the battery, and the battery is hermetically sealed by a metal casing. The field of energy storage will become the second battlefield for lithium iron phosphate batteries. Energy storage is mainly divided into large-scale energy storage integrated with the power grid and small energy storage represented by 5G base stations. These will all be lithium iron phosphate batteries. The application market where batteries play a leading role. With the rising demand for iron lithium ion batteries for energy storage and the recovery of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the field of new energy vehicles, in 2021, the lithium iron phosphate industry chain is expected to usher in both volume and price increases. In the field of power lithium batteries, phosphate-based cathode materials have long cycle life, excellent safety performance, better high temperature performance, extremely low price, and low temperature performance and rate discharge can reach the level of lithium cobalt oxide, etc. Make it the most promising power lithium battery material. It may become an important substitute for nickel-cadmium batteries in the next 5 years, and it will become a strong competitor of lead-acid batteries in the next 10 years. It may be possible in the next 20 years. It will replace lead-acid batteries, become an important starting power supply, UpS power supply and backup power supply, and become the boss of secondary batteries.