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Power LiFePO4 battery, LiMn2O4 battery and LiCoO₂ battery Comparison

2019-09-28

Power iron phosphate lithium battery, manganese acid lithium battery, lithium cobalt acid lithium battery who is better? At present, the power battery shows the trend of common development of multi-technology route, mainly around lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganese acid four battery materials, in their respective fields of application

 , occupy a certain market share. Today, it is said that the power iron phosphate lithium battery, manganese acid lithium battery, lithium cobalt acid lithium battery who is better.

LiFePO4 Battery

Lithium iron phosphate is a lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as a positive material. Its characteristics are no cobalt and other precious elements, low raw material price and phosphorus, iron in the earth's rich resource content, there will be no supply problems. With a moderate operating voltage (3.2V), a large capacity per unit of weight (170mAh/g), high discharge power, fast charging and long cycle life, it is stable in high temperature and high heat environments.

Compared to the more common lithium cobalt and manganese batteries on the market today, lithium iron phosphate batteries have at least five advantages: higher safety, longer service life, no heavy and rare metals (low raw material costs), support for fast charging, operating temperature range.

Iron phosphate lithium battery has some performance defects, such as low vibration density and compaction density, resulting in low energy density of lithium ion batteries, higher material preparation cost and battery manufacturing cost, low battery yield, poor consistency, poor product consistency, intellectual property issues.

LiMn2O4 Battery

Lithium manganese acid refers to the positive battery using lithium manganate material, its nominal voltage of 3.8V, is currently the mainstream power battery. This battery has medium energy density, general life, safety and environmental protection, and no patent restrictions. But lithium manganese acid this material itself is not too stable, easy to decompose to produce gas, easy to cause bloating, poor high temperature performance.

Lithium manganese acid refers to the positive battery using lithium manganate material, its nominal voltage of 3.8V, is currently the mainstream power battery. This battery has medium energy density, general life, safety and environmental protection, and no patent restrictions. But lithium manganese acid this material itself is not too stable, easy to decompose to produce gas, easy to cause bloating, poor high temperature performance.

In short, the detection of qualified lithium manganese acid battery generally will not occur safety accidents, lithium manganese acid solid structure makes its oxidation performance is much lower than lithium cobalt, even if the external short circuit, but also can basically avoid the extraction of lithium metal caused by combustion and explosion.

LiCoO Battery

Lithium cobalt can be regarded as the ancestor of lithium battery positive material, its electrochemical properties are superior, vibration density is large. The lithium cobalt acid battery has the advantages of structural stability, high capacity ratio and outstanding comprehensive performance. But its shortcomings are also very obvious, poor security performance, very high cost, so that it is now only in the digital electronics market has a relatively wide range of applications.

The most important feature in preparation is that after full charge, there are still a large number of lithium ions remainated in the positive pole, that is, in the negative pole can not accommodate more lithium ions attached to the positive pole, but in the overcharging state, the excess lithium ions on the positive pole will still swim to the negative pole, because it can not fully accommodate the change back to form a metal lithium on the negative pole, Since lithium metal is a branch-like crystal, it is called a branch crystal, and once formed, the branch crystal will provide an opportunity to pierce the diaphragm, which will form an internal short circuit. Since the main components of the electrolyte are carbonates, the flash and boiling points are low, they can burn or even explode at higher temperatures. Controlling the formation of lithium crystals is relatively easy on small-capacity lithium batteries, so lithium cobalt batteries are currently limited to small-capacity batteries such as portable electronic devices and cannot be used for power batteries.

Comparison of lithium power iron phosphate, lithium manganese acid and lithium cobalt acid

From the point of view of safety stability, from high to low sorting is: lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium manganese acid lithium battery, lithium cobalt acid lithium battery

From the energy density point of view, from high to low sorting for: lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganese acid lithium battery, lithium iron phosphate battery from the cycle life, from high to low sort ingress: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese acid lithium battery, lithium cobalt acid lithium battery on the market for new energy vehicles used in a variety of types of batteries, from the domestic promotion of lithium iron phosphate, To the industry's emerging triamcinal lithium batteries, these are not just consumers, many practitioners are confused. In the future development prospects of the market, fuel cells, solid-state batteries with the overall progress of technology and related supporting improvement, will eventually occupy a certain market position, but in the short term is not enough to form an impact on the market position of lithium iron phosphate batteries.


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