Why is lithium battery the mainstream power choice for new energy vehicles?

Lithium-ion battery is a kind of secondary battery (rechargeable battery), which mainly relies on lithium ions to move back and forth between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to work. During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions are intercalated and deintercalated back and forth between the two electrodes. Compared with other battery systems such as lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, high working voltage, low self-discharge, no memory effect, long cycle life, fast charging, light weight, small size, and no pollution And other advantages. Since the 1990s, Sony Corporation, NECMoli Energy (Canada) Ltd. After successively industrializing lithium-ion batteries with different cathode materials, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in consumer electronics, new energy vehicles and energy storage fields. After more than 20 years of application development and large-scale use of lithium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles in recent years, the technology has become mature, and the industry is comprehensive. The cost of new energy vehicles has continued to approach that of fuel vehicles, thus becoming the mainstream of new energy vehicles. Power selection. Lithium-ion power battery, as the most critical core component of new energy vehicles, directly affects the performance of new energy vehicles, including the range, safety, service life, charging time and high and low temperature adaptability of new energy vehicles; at the same time, it directly affects the performance of new energy vehicles. The cost of energy vehicles accounts for about 40% of the cost of the entire vehicle. Breakthrough in power battery energy density, increase cruising range, improve safety performance, extend service life, shorten charging time, optimize low temperature performance, reduce battery costs, etc., are new energy vehicles that replace traditional fuel vehicles, increase penetration, and shift from policy-driven to consumer-driven Key factors. Benefiting from the rapid development of the global new energy automobile industry since 2014, the demand for power batteries has grown rapidly. According to public data, the global shipments of lithium-ion batteries reached 188.8GWh in 2018, and the shipments of consumer lithium batteries, power batteries and energy storage lithium batteries were 68.3GWh, 107.0GWh and 13.5GWh, respectively. In 2018, China’s lithium-ion battery shipments reached 102.0GWh, and the shipments of consumer lithium batteries, power batteries and energy storage lithium batteries were 31.8GWh, 65.0GWh and 5.2GWh, respectively, the proportion of power batteries Has surpassed consumer lithium batteries. According to EVTank data, China's lithium-ion battery shipments reached 131.6GWh in 2019, and the shipments of consumer lithium batteries, power batteries and energy storage lithium batteries were 46.5GWh, 76.5GWh and 8.6GWh, respectively.