Comparison of lithium battery, reserve battery and standard battery

Lithium battery

Battery with lithium as the negative electrode. It is a new type of high-energy battery developed after the 1960s. According to the different electrolytes used, it is divided into: ①High temperature molten salt lithium battery; ②Organic electrolyte lithium battery; ③Inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte lithium battery; ④Solid electrolyte lithium battery; ⑤Lithium water battery. The advantages of lithium batteries are that the single battery has high voltage, large specific energy, long storage life (up to 10 years), good high and low temperature performance, and can be used at -40 to 150°C. The disadvantage is that it is expensive and not safe. In addition, voltage lag and safety issues need to be improved. The vigorous development of power batteries and the emergence of new cathode materials, especially the development of lithium iron phosphate materials, are of great help to the development of lithium batteries.

Reserve battery

The battery that can be charged with water has two activation methods for the battery that can be charged with water. One is to store the electrolyte and the electrode separately, and inject the electrolyte into the battery before use Group and activate, such as magnesium seawater battery, reserve chromic acid battery and zinc-silver battery. The other is to use molten salt electrolyte. The electrolyte does not conduct electricity at room temperature. Before use, the heating agent is ignited to quickly melt the electrolyte and activate it, which is called a thermal battery. This kind of battery can use calcium, magnesium or lithium alloy as the negative electrode, the eutectic of KCl and LiCl as the electrolyte, CaCrO4.PbSO4 or V2O5 as the positive electrode, and the zirconium powder or iron powder as the heating agent. Fully sealed structure can be stored for a long time (more than 10 years).

Standard battery

The most famous is the Wheatstone standard battery, which is divided into two types: saturated type and unsaturated type. Its standard electromotive force is 1.01864 volts (20°C). The voltage temperature coefficient of the unsaturated type is approximately 1/4 of that of the saturated type.